Characteristics and competitiveness of cocoa cultivation in San José de Cúcuta

This study analyzes the characteristics and competitiveness of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivation in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. A mixed methodological approach was applied, combining structured surveys with 86 producers, field observations, and secondary sources to examine biological, agronomic, and socioeconomic factors influencing production. The findings reveal that most farms are small to medium scale, with limited technological adoption and frequent phytosanitary issues that constrain yields. Low educational levels and restricted access to credit among producers were also identified.

Competitiveness was assessed through Porter’s Five Forces model and a SWOT analysis, which highlighted strengths such as local knowledge and farmer organization, along with weaknesses related to infrastructure and market access. Based on these results, strategic recommendations are proposed to enhance technical training, integrated pest management, post-harvest infrastructure, and the diversification of marketing channels, to improve the sector’s sustainability and productivity. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive framework to support policies and actions aimed at strengthening the regional cocoa sector with implications at both national and international levels.